The use of containers for application development and deployment is one of the most exciting innovations in cloud computing today. But for any organization looking to leverage containers, they need to know the best way to secure them.
Container scanning, or container image scanning, is the process of scanning containers and their components to identify potential security threats. It is a fundamental process of container security, and the number one tool for many teams looking to secure their containerized DevOps workflows.
The adoption of containers has revolutionized the application development process by enabling DevOps teams to continuously deliver, deploy, and update applications. But with this unprecedented speed and flexibility comes a downside: container environments are extremely vulnerable at every stage of the development process. For this reason, the latest cloud security solutions are putting container security, and specifically container scanning, front and center on their priority list.
Continue reading to learn about the basics of container scanning and how to implement it with your team (including a free step-by-step guide!).
What Is a Container and a Container Image?
Before diving into the details of container scanning, let’s review some standardized definitions:
- A container is a standalone file or package of software files that include everything you need to run an application. Everything from the application’s code and dependencies, to its library, runtime, and system tools are all located within the container.
- A container image is a static file within a container that holds the code to run processes for your application. It can include system libraries, tools, and other settings needed to run on a containerized platform. These images are often built on a pre-existing parent image or base image in an OS to help developers avoid building lots of files from scratch.
It’s important to know that not all container images are created equal. For example, many images are pulled from public repositories — essentially untrusted sources — and thus can present the risk of compromise. These images potentially contain vulnerabilities, may not be properly configured to meet compliance standards, or may even contain malicious components. Watch the video below to learn more about containers:
Three Areas to Implement Container Scanning
Because container images can come from such a wide range of sources, maintaining container image trust is critical. Container scanning is a way to understand the components in an image or container and understand their risk posture. Listed below are several areas where your team should leverage container scanning in order to achieve security across the full lifecycle of your application.
1. Scanning Your Container Registry
The container registry is where all of your application images are stored. It’s the centralized hub for your container environment and potentially holds hundreds or thousands of images built from a variety of sources, including third-party locations. A single vulnerability or insecure configuration could lead to a threat not only to your registry, but to your entire application.
This is why continuously scanning your registries for any change in vulnerability status is crucial for maintaining container security. This function should be automated and should include scanning every image to identify and prevent any incoming threats.
2. Scanning Your Container at Runtime
Just because your container is up and running does not mean that your container scanning responsibilities are over. For optimal container security, it’s important to automate continuous scanning that identifies any new CVE as soon as it’s recognized. This will help detect new vulnerabilities, report them to your security team, and allow you to take immediate action. The best runtime container security tools empower teams by automatically prioritizing risk across environments.
Another best practice of enhanced runtime protection is to establish behavioral baselines for your container environment in a normal, secure state. With baselines in place, your system can easily detect, prevent, and mitigate anomalies or attacks.
3. Block Vulnerabilities Before They Enter Your Container
So far, we’ve discussed where and when to scan your container. But to secure the full lifecycle of your application, it’s necessary to zoom out beyond the container and scan components as you build your container images.
To further the move to DevSecOps, security teams should integrate image scanning into their CI/CD pipeline to detect and block vulnerabilities before their code ever enters into the container.
Start Leveraging Container Security to Protect Your Applications
Get a deeper look at the fundamentals of container security and break down what every organization needs to know to ensure their containers—and their container environments—are secure from breaches, malware and other bad actors. Download your free copy of The 2024 Definitive Guide to Container Security. This book-length guide lays out in-depth insights and practical advice to empower developers, DevOps, cloud teams and security professionals to effectively protect their cloud-native applications.